AIRFOIL DESIGN OPTIMIZATION FOR IMPROVING AERODYNAMIC PERFORMANCE OF UAV

doi:None

All Issue

2023 Vol.28, Issue 3 Preview Page

AIRFOIL DESIGN OPTIMIZATION FOR IMPROVING AERODYNAMIC PERFORMANCE OF UAV 무인기 공력 성능 향상을 위한 익형 최적 설계: 장대익,¹ 이원태,¹ 강민제,² 배경훈,¹ 오승욱,¹ 이학진,^1,3 명노신*^1,3
D.I. Jang,¹ W.T. Lee,¹ M.J. Kang,² G.H. Bae,¹ S.U. Oh,¹ H. Lee^1,3 and R.S. Myong*^1,3; ¹경상국립대학교 기계항공우주공학부
²경상국립대학교 항공기부품기술연구소
³경상국립대학교 항공핵심기술선도연구센터

¹School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, South Korea
²Research Center for Aircraft Parts Technology, Gyeongsang National University, South Korea
³Research Center for Aircraft Core Technology, Gyeongsang National University, South Korea

30 September 2023. pp. 8-17

PDF

Abstract

A computational study for improving aerodynamic performance was conducted by optimizing the airfoil shape of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). The baseline airfoil, FX73-CL2-152, was selected, and based on this shape, a Kriging approximation model and genetic algorithm were used to find an airfoil shape that maximizes lift and minimizes drag. The optimized airfoil shape was applied to a full-scale model similar to the MQ-1 Predator, and it was confirmed that the lift coefficient and endurance factor increased by 9.5% and 7.3%, respectively. These results demonstrate that the optimization of the airfoil can significantly contribute to the overall performance of the UAV, including reducing takeoff and landing distances, improving structural stability, and increasing fuel load. Furthermore, this research could contribute to enhancing UAVs' operational capabilities and mission performance in various mission environments. In the future, this research can be extended to the optimal design and computational analysis of a full-scale model applied to multi-element airfoils equipped with flaps. It can also be utilized in building a high-accuracy aerodynamic database using high-fidelity DES/LES models.

Keywords

공력 최적 설계(Aerodynamic Design Optimization)

전산유체역학(Computational Fluid Dynamics)

크리깅 근사모델(Kriging Surrogate Model)

무인항공기(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle)

References

2019, Shakhatreh, H., Sawalmeh, A.H., Al-Fuqaha, A., Dou, Z., Almaita, E., Khalil, I., Othman, N.S., Khreishah, A. and Guizani, A.M., "Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs): A Survey on Civil Applications and Key Research Challenges," IEEE Access 7, Vol.7, pp.48572-48634.https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2909530
2020, Mohamed, N., Al-Jaroodi, J., Jawhar, I., Idries, A. and Mohammed, F., "Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Applications in Future Smart Cities," Technological Forecasting & Social Change, Vol.153, 119293.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2018.05.004
2020, Outay, F., Mengash, H.A. and Adnan, M., "Applications of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) in Road Safety, Traffic and Highway Infrastructure Management: Recent Advances and Challenges," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Vol.141, pp.116-129.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2020.09.018
2008, Budiyono, A., "Advances in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Technologies," International Symposium on Intelligent Unmanned System, Vol.52, No.1, pp.1-40.
2020, Gaffey, C. and Bhardwaj, A., "Applications of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Cryosphere: Latest Advances and Prospects," Remote Sensing, Vol.12, No.6.https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12060948
2021, Ramanan, G., Krishnan, P.R. and Ranjan, H.M., "An Aerodynamic Performance Study and Analysis of SD7037 Fixed Wing UAV airfoil," Materials Today: Proceedings 47, pp.2547-2552.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.05.051
2014, Coder, J.G. and Maughmer, M.D., "Comparisons of Theoretical Methods for Predicting Airfoil Aerodynamic Characteristics," Journal of Aircraft, Vol.51, No.1, pp.183-191.https://doi.org/10.2514/1.C032232
1997, Wolfe, W.P. and Ochs, S.S., "CFD Calculations of S809 Aerodynamic Characteristics," 35th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, AIAA paper 97-0973.
2004, Park, Y.M., Kim, Y.S., Chung, J.D. and Lee, J.Y. "Aerodynamic Shape Optimization of Airfoils Using Response Surface Method," Aerospace Engineering and Technology, Vol.3. No.2, pp.248-255.
2020, Seong, D.G., Juliawan, N., Tyan, M., Kim, S.H. and Lee, J.W., "Flying-Wing Type UAV Design Optimization for Flight Stability Enhancement," Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical and Space Sciences, Vol.48, No.10, pp.809-819.https://doi.org/10.5139/JKSAS.2020.48.10.809
2021, Phiboon, T., Khanhwa, K., Petcharat, N., Phosombat, N., Kanazaki, M., Kishi, Y., Bureerat, S. and Ariyarit, A., "Experiment and Computation Multi-Fidelity Multi-Objective Airfoil Design Optimization of Fixed-Wing UAV," Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, Vol.35, No.9, pp.4065-4072.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-021-0818-3
2006, Secannell, M. and Suleman, A., "Design of Morphing Airfoil Using Aerodynamic Shape Optimization," AIAA Journal, Vol.44, No.7, pp.1550-1562.ttps://doi.org/10.2514/1.18109
2000, Magagnato, F., "SPARC Manual (Structured PArallel Research Code)," Department of Fluid Machinery, University of Karlsruhe.
2014, Ganesh Ram, R.L., Cooper, Y.N., Bhatia, V., Karthikeyan, R. and Periasamy, C., "Design Optimization and Analysis of NACA 0012 Airfoil using Computational Fluid Dynamics and Genetic Algorithm," Applied Mechanics and Materials, Vol.664, pp.111-116.https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.664.111
1981, Harris, C.D., "Two-Dimensional Aerodynamic Characteristics of the NACA 0012 Airfoil in the Langley 8 Foot Transonic Pressure Tunnel," No.NASA-TM-81927.
2016, Rumsey, C.L. and Morrison, J.H., "Goals and Status of the NASA Juncture Flow Experiment," AVT-246 Specialists Meeting on Progress and Challenges in Validation Testing for CFD, No.STO-MP-AVT-246.
1951, Krige, D.G., "A Statistical Approach to some basic mine Valuation Problems on the Witwatersrand," `Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Vol.52, No.6, pp.119-139.
1963, Matheron, G., "Principles of geostatistics," Economic Geology, Vol.58, pp.1246-1266.https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.58.8.1246
1989, Sack, J., Welch, W.J., Mitchell, T.J. and Wynn, H.P., "Design and Analysis of Computer Experiments," Statistical Science, Vol.4, No.4, pp.409-435.https://doi.org/10.1214/ss/1177012413
1975, Holland, J.H., "Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems: An introductory Analysis with Applications to Biology, Contorol, and Artificial Intelligence," MIT Press.
1978, Hicks, R.M. and Henne, P.A., "Wing design by numerical optimization," Journal of Aircraft, Vol.15, No.7, pp.407-412.https://doi.org/10.2514/3.58379

Information

Publisher :Korean Society for Computational Fluids Engineering
Publisher(Ko) :한국전산유체공학회
Journal Title :Journal of Computational Fluids Engineering
Journal Title(Ko) :한국전산유체공학회지
Volume : 28
No :3
Pages :8-17

[1] 2019, Shakhatreh, H., Sawalmeh, A.H., Al-Fuqaha, A., Dou, Z., Almaita, E., Khalil, I., Othman, N.S., Khreishah, A. and Guizani, A.M., "Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs): A Survey on Civil Applications and Key Research Challenges," IEEE Access 7, Vol.7, pp.48572-48634.https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2909530

[2] 2020, Mohamed, N., Al-Jaroodi, J., Jawhar, I., Idries, A. and Mohammed, F., "Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Applications in Future Smart Cities," Technological Forecasting & Social Change, Vol.153, 119293.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2018.05.004

[3] 2020, Outay, F., Mengash, H.A. and Adnan, M., "Applications of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) in Road Safety, Traffic and Highway Infrastructure Management: Recent Advances and Challenges," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Vol.141, pp.116-129.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2020.09.018

[4] 2008, Budiyono, A., "Advances in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Technologies," International Symposium on Intelligent Unmanned System, Vol.52, No.1, pp.1-40.

[5] 2020, Gaffey, C. and Bhardwaj, A., "Applications of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Cryosphere: Latest Advances and Prospects," Remote Sensing, Vol.12, No.6.https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12060948

[6] 2021, Ramanan, G., Krishnan, P.R. and Ranjan, H.M., "An Aerodynamic Performance Study and Analysis of SD7037 Fixed Wing UAV airfoil," Materials Today: Proceedings 47, pp.2547-2552.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.05.051

[7] 2014, Coder, J.G. and Maughmer, M.D., "Comparisons of Theoretical Methods for Predicting Airfoil Aerodynamic Characteristics," Journal of Aircraft, Vol.51, No.1, pp.183-191.https://doi.org/10.2514/1.C032232

[8] 1997, Wolfe, W.P. and Ochs, S.S., "CFD Calculations of S809 Aerodynamic Characteristics," 35th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, AIAA paper 97-0973.

[9] 2004, Park, Y.M., Kim, Y.S., Chung, J.D. and Lee, J.Y. "Aerodynamic Shape Optimization of Airfoils Using Response Surface Method," Aerospace Engineering and Technology, Vol.3. No.2, pp.248-255.

[10] 2020, Seong, D.G., Juliawan, N., Tyan, M., Kim, S.H. and Lee, J.W., "Flying-Wing Type UAV Design Optimization for Flight Stability Enhancement," Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical and Space Sciences, Vol.48, No.10, pp.809-819.https://doi.org/10.5139/JKSAS.2020.48.10.809

[11] 2021, Phiboon, T., Khanhwa, K., Petcharat, N., Phosombat, N., Kanazaki, M., Kishi, Y., Bureerat, S. and Ariyarit, A., "Experiment and Computation Multi-Fidelity Multi-Objective Airfoil Design Optimization of Fixed-Wing UAV," Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, Vol.35, No.9, pp.4065-4072.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-021-0818-3

[12] 2006, Secannell, M. and Suleman, A., "Design of Morphing Airfoil Using Aerodynamic Shape Optimization," AIAA Journal, Vol.44, No.7, pp.1550-1562.ttps://doi.org/10.2514/1.18109

[13] 2000, Magagnato, F., "SPARC Manual (Structured PArallel Research Code)," Department of Fluid Machinery, University of Karlsruhe.

[14] 2014, Ganesh Ram, R.L., Cooper, Y.N., Bhatia, V., Karthikeyan, R. and Periasamy, C., "Design Optimization and Analysis of NACA 0012 Airfoil using Computational Fluid Dynamics and Genetic Algorithm," Applied Mechanics and Materials, Vol.664, pp.111-116.https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.664.111

[15] 1981, Harris, C.D., "Two-Dimensional Aerodynamic Characteristics of the NACA 0012 Airfoil in the Langley 8 Foot Transonic Pressure Tunnel," No.NASA-TM-81927.

[16] 2016, Rumsey, C.L. and Morrison, J.H., "Goals and Status of the NASA Juncture Flow Experiment," AVT-246 Specialists Meeting on Progress and Challenges in Validation Testing for CFD, No.STO-MP-AVT-246.

[17] 1951, Krige, D.G., "A Statistical Approach to some basic mine Valuation Problems on the Witwatersrand," `Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Vol.52, No.6, pp.119-139.

[18] 1963, Matheron, G., "Principles of geostatistics," Economic Geology, Vol.58, pp.1246-1266.https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.58.8.1246

[19] 1989, Sack, J., Welch, W.J., Mitchell, T.J. and Wynn, H.P., "Design and Analysis of Computer Experiments," Statistical Science, Vol.4, No.4, pp.409-435.https://doi.org/10.1214/ss/1177012413

[20] 1975, Holland, J.H., "Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems: An introductory Analysis with Applications to Biology, Contorol, and Artificial Intelligence," MIT Press.

[21] 1978, Hicks, R.M. and Henne, P.A., "Wing design by numerical optimization," Journal of Aircraft, Vol.15, No.7, pp.407-412.https://doi.org/10.2514/3.58379

Journal of Computational Fluids Engineering ISSN:1598-6071(Print) 3022-6252(Online) 한국전산유체공학회지

All Issue